Monopoly, when a business controls all or most of the supply of a product. Trust, when several businesses act as one under a board of directors. Merger, when two or more businesses join to become one large main business. Holding Company is a business which exists in order to control other businesses as a parent company. Horizontal Integration is a type of monopoly formed by controlling all of the same type of business. Vertical Integration is a monopoly formed by controlling businesses related to the primary business. Carnegie, was known as the “kingpin of steelmaking.” He hated monopolist and monopolistic trusts. His organization was a partnership and at its maximum it made forty pittsburg millionaires. He got into a business rivalry with J.P. Morgan, Morgan won the rivalry and bought out Carnegie. He spent his later years giving most of his money to charity. Rockefeller was in the oil business. He sought out to eliminate the middlemen and his competitors. He believed in big business it was survival of the fittest. He gave out an order “sell all the oil that is sold in your district” He would not give up til he owned the rivalry businesses oil and shares. He controlled 95% of the oil refineries in the country. He employed spies and extorted rebates from railroads. He believed he was obeying the law of nature. The attitude toward wealth was that if you were wealthy you were close to godliness. It was survival of the fittest in the business world which if you believed this you were a “Social Darwinist.” There was a lot of self-justification of this belief. If you were poor you were lazy and lacking enterprise.

Many businessmen like John D. Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie utilized many tactics to dominate their industry. Both men monopolized their industry by two different ways. Carnegie used vertical integration, which is owning everything that helps get to your final product. Carnegie owned the iron mine, the factories which turned it into steel and railroads, then he owned the railroad company. Vertical integration was cheaper on the owner of the company because the only thing he had to pay for was the workers because he owned all of the components even the transportation. This increased the margin of profit for the businessmen. Rockefeller on the other hand used horizontal integration which is buying out every one of your competitors so that you control the industry. His oil company (Standard Oil Company) was known for being the biggest oil company every and it made him the richest man ever. This world of business was based on only the strong will survive and only a couple were huge, people like JP Morgan, Rockefeller, Carnegie, and Cornelius Vanderbilt. Based off of the "Gospel of Wealth" the poor were lazy and didn't work hard but the rich worked hard to get where they are and they deserve it.

In the cutthroat world of the business industry, ambitious tycoons enabled many practices to ensure that they were the dominant supplier of a particular industry, and thus reap the majority of the profits. Andrew Carnegie’s financial style might best be described as a holding company, as Carnegie Steel was a partnership of nearly forty sub-companies. Carnegie yielded a generous 25 million annually, leaving 40 million to be distributed amongst the smaller sub-companies. Carnegie Steel supplied one quarter of all of the United States’ Bessemer Steel. Conversely, John D. Rockefeller’s company, The Standard Oil Company of Ohio, supplied 95 percent of the country’s oil, due to his choking monopolistic trust practices. Decidedly more covetous than Carnegie, Rockefeller enacted a policy of “rule or ruin”, under which competitors were forced to succumb to the trust, or be annihilated by the lumbering giant of Rockefeller’s company. Other practices to ensure a company’s insuperable dominance include horizontal integration, vertical integration, and mergers. Horizontal integration is a type of monopoly, in which all of the businesses within one type of industry are controlled by the same business. Vertical integration is a fiscal method in which all of the means of production are owned by a sole company, thus producing elevated profits for the entrepreneur. A merger is the actual process in which multiple businesses fuse to produce a larger, more powerful business.

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The attitudes towards wealth varied greatly within the social classes. The plebeians dubbed the millionaires “Robber Barons”, due to their grossly excessive profits yielded through unscrupulous methods. This negative association conceived the practice of philanthropy, as millionaires such as Andrew Carnegie attempted to purify the image of the wealthy. Carnegie donated nearly 350 million dollars throughout his lifetime to philanthropic causes. Many millionaires conceded that their riches were God-given, and that they thus had a divine mandate to handle their fiscal abundance with moral responsibility. So called Social Darwinists believed that the supreme wealth of few was merely natural selection within society’s context. They asserted that the poor had the capabilities to attain financial security, yet were too indolent to do so. In support of this, Reverend Russell Conwell declared, “There is not a poor person in the United States who was not made poor by his own shortcomings."

Both men used Monopolization in different ways to become strong business men.Rockefeller used Horizontal Integration. Horizontal Integration occurs when a business expands its control over other similar or closely related businesses. His Oil business was one of the biggest companies ever and his use of horizontal integration helped him become extremely wealthly. Carnegie used vertical integration to get ahead in the industrial world. Vertical Integration is when a business expands its control over other business that are part of its overall manufacturing process. This helped carnegie because it is cheaper for him because he owns all components of the business. Therefore he gains a larger profit. Wealth was veiwed during this time period as those who were poor were lazy and did not work enough while those who became rich deserved it because of their work ethic.

Business Tycoons often looked for ways to get around their competition. Business leaders like John D. Rockefeller, the oil baron; and Andrew Carnegie, the steel king; both looked for solutions to improve efficiency and quality of production while eliminating the middlemen. Rockefeller was a master of “horizontal integration”, which was allying with competitors to monopolize the oil market stockholders into convincing the smaller oil companies to assign their stock to Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Company. It then coined the entire market and smaller competitors were abandoned. Andrew Carnegie pioneered the “vertical integration” where he combined into one organization with all of the phases of manufacturing. Carnegie integrated every phase of his steel-making operation from mining to shipping and to molding. The attitudes toward wealth prevalent in the 19th century often evoked the divine right of kings. Plutocrats of this time credited the heavenly help and were entrusted in societies riches according to the “Gospel of Wealth”. Later the “social Darwinism” developed and it was said that the rich developed on their own and deserved to be where they were.

During the extremely competitive time of the 19th century, business’s employed many tactics in order to gain a monopoly in their respective areas. These tactics were morally substandard and questions began to rise about their legality, but there was no doubt that they were effective. For example, John D. Rockefeller used horizontal integration in order to monopolize his industry. His oil company, Standard Oil Company, bought out all of its competitors in order to have one humongous supplier of oil. This way Rockefeller could raise prices at will because oil was a necessity for the American people and they had no where else to buy it from because of Rockefeller’s horizontal integration. If one of Rockefeller’s competitors refused to be bought out, he would use his policy of “rule or ruin”. This meant Rockefeller would drop his prices to a level the others could not, which quickly lead to them selling to him (rule) or collapsing and having to declare bankruptcy (ruin). Andrew Carnegie used a different tactic to make numerous profits. He engaged in vertical integration, which is owning all of the steps on the way to the final product. Carnegie owed every phase of his steel making process from mining, the factories used to turn it into steel, the companies who turned that steel into railroads, and the railroads themselves. This enabled him to make more profits because of his ownership of all the components in the steel system. The attitude towards wealth in this time period was that rich people worked harder than poor people and deserved everything they got. If poor people wanted to change their economic status, then they could by abandoning their lazy ways and developing a strong work ethic.

The demand for iron, oil, and money skyrocketed in the 19th century, resulting in the emergence of the multi-million dollar corporation and made a select number of people very rich very fast. However, it also caused a great deal of temptation for the owners of the wildly successful corporations. The idea of making more money with less effort become too hard to resist for some, including Rockefeller and J.P. Morgan. These men therefore began utilizing questionable tactics to stifle competition and rake in more profit, such as stock-watering, vertical and horizontal integration, and trusts. Stock-watering was the practice of making exaggerated claims about a certain company in order to sell stock for a higher price. It was used by J.P. Morgan to launch America's first billion-dollar company - the U.S. Steel Corporation. Whereas vertical integration combines all the aspects of manufacturing into one singular organization, horizontal integration was allying with competitors to create a monopoly on a given market. The goal of vertical integration was to increase profit by regulating the quality of the product at all levels of construction. The trust, a component of horizontal integration, was implemented by Rockefeller in his corporation, Standard Oil. He consolidated the vast majority of smaller oil companies into his own, and any "weaker competitor" was forced out of business. Corruption was also present in the steel industry. Although steel was previously an expensive commodity, the Bessemer process suddenly created cheap steel and opened the floodgates for eager entrepreneurs. Carnegie rapidly became a "sultan of steel" in the Pittsburgh area due to his motivation, tendency to assume responsibility, and silver tongue.

continued! when i tried posting all of it, it said the limit was 2000 characters.. i had twice that. raising the bar. :)

By 1900, however, Carnegie grew weary of his company and wished to sell his holdings, so he slyly coerced J.P. Morgan to buy his company for an astounding $400 million. Frightened by the prospect of dying with such an expansive sum of money, Carnegie became one of the first philanthropists, donating much of his money to worthy causes. While Carnegie was generously distributing his wealth, Morgan was feverishly working to launch his new company, supplemented by Carnegie's holdings. During this time, oil became profitable as well. When oil was first discovered in Pennsylvania ("Drake's Folly"), it established an industry that extracted more wealth from the earth than all the gold found by the 49ers. Seeing his opportunity, a man named John D. Rockefeller organized the Standard Oil Company in 1870, which flourished in the system of free enterprise. His business ethics, however, were ambiguous at best. He controlled 95 percent of all the oil in the U.S. by 1877, utilizing a "kill-or-be-killed" policy in business.

The American people were surprisingly slow to combat economic injustice. The reasons for this are debatable, but most likely include their dedication to free enterprise and the desire to one day become owner of a successful corporation - the "American Dream." Also, the wealthy declared that they became rich by their own doing; therefore, anyone who stayed poor was lazy and lacked motivation. The American people finally began rallying against monopolies, eventually appealing to Congress and directly leading to the Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890. This act forbade combinations in business, but was largely ineffective because it lacked the amount of power needed to control the monopolistic companies. These corporations elbowed the patrician American family out of the way and ushered in the era of the mad scramble for power.

Both Rockefeller and Carnegie did everything in their power to guarantee the ruling of their industry. Both men used different tactics to achieve the same goal of monopolization. Rockefeller used a tactic called Horizontal Integration which meant that he would "ally" himself with the other oil companies forcing them to assign their stock to the board of directors of Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company forming a trust. This led Rockefeller's oil company to supremacy giving him control over oil prices. Carnegie used a different approach to control the steel industry. Carnegie used Vertical Integration which meant that all phases of manufacturing were combined into one organization. This allowed more efficiency and the cut of middleman fees. Carnegie soon became known as the "kingpin" of steel.
During this time period an economic version of survival of the fittest was accepted. It was believed that if you were rich, you had worked hard and deserved everything you owned. If you were poor, you were seen to be lazy and made poor by your own "shortcomings."

Many different strategies were used by big businessmen to dominate their respective industries. Among these was social darwinism, which stated that the survival of the fittest should include no involvement from the government and let the rightful winners of that industry take their share. Monopolies were also a big factor to the big businessmen, by controlling an entire industry, you keep your competitors down and your assets afloat. John D. Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie had different tactics for the same goal of monopolizing their companies in their various industries. Horizontal integration was a tactic that Rockefeller used, where he would persuade other companies to join him in a sort of alliance. He would even place some of his people onto other businesses boards of directors, acting as Rockefeller's eye into that company and persuading their moves to match his own. In contrast, Carnegie used Vertical Integration in his businesses, in which he owned everything that is used to make his product, steel. He owned not only the steel mills but what transported the steel, the place where the steel was harvested, everything that was used in the process to form steel was owned by Carnegie, completely illiminating any middle man and reducing lost profits. During this time, the attitudes towards wealth were changing. Many believed that if you worked your way out of poverty then you deserved all of the fortune that comes to you. Whereas many believed in the theory behind Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth, that weath carries moral responsibilities and that the moguls should act as the guardians of society,giving back to the community in their various ways.

Dominating industry owners in the late 19th century were ruthless in expanding and strengthening their businesses. Railroad giants created pools in which they divided a business into a territory and shared the profit. John D. Rockefeller, the ruler of the oil industry, used many ruthless tactics to expand his empire. He employed a system known as horizontal integration where he allied himself with competitors in order to monopolize the industry. Rockefeller was a ruthless businessman, and often utilized “dirty” tactics like employing spies and extorting rebates from the railroads. He also used high pressure sales to gain more power. His policy was rule or ruin, and that’s exactly what he did. By 1877, 95 percent of the oil refineries in the country were the property of John D. Rockefeller. Andrew Carnegie went about business in a vastly different manner than Rockefeller. The “Sultan of Steel” was against monopolistic trusts. Instead, vertical integration was his method. With this, Carnegie combined all the phases of manufacturing into one organization. This allowed him to improve efficiency by controlling the quality of the product all the way through its assembly.
Wealth was viewed very differently in the late 19th century. Some plutocrats believed in a social “Darwinistic” approach, using the term “survival of the fittest” coined by Herbert Spencer and William Graham. Many wealthy men believed that wealth was the result of hard work and that the impoverished were in that condition because of laziness and apathy. These men were often looked at as corrupt and evil by the lower classes. Andrew Carnegie’s pamphlet “Gospel of Wealth”, spoke of the responsibility of the wealthy and urged well off businessmen to put their money towards good use instead of superfluous purchases.

The two most dominating tycoons in the 19th century were Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller. Andrew Carnegie did not use monopolistic trusts like Rockefeller. He used verticcal integration to combine manufacturing into one organization. He controlled almost every aspect of what his manufacturers where producing. He wanted to improve his work. Rockefeller used monopoly to have his business gain success. He allied with many companies, majority of them were his competitors to set up monopolistic trusts. Also known as, Horizontal Intergration. When Rockefeller organized the Standard Oil Company of Ohio, he became a powerful business man. He controlled most of the oil refineries in the nation. Rockefeller indeed eliminated his competetiors. The attitudes torwards wealth in the 19th century many people justified god as helping thing have money. They believed that god had the "chosen ones" to become wealthy. the Plutocrats was controlled by the wealthy believed that the people that work hard with dedication and a little of bit skill will become wealthy, and the people who did nothing to better themselves in life would be poor because they deserved it. If you dont do the work to become successful in life then dont expect anything to just happen for you to become wealthy.

Some of the business practices used to dominate the other industries were stock watering (which meant to basically lie or alter your actual earnings to make your industry seem more profitable). Andrew Carnegie was a steel master in the 19th century. He started his steel business in Pittsburgh and then it became successful without him having to use monopolistic practices. he used partnerships to gain money and end up with twenty five million dollars a year. John D. Rockefeller on the other hand started an oil industry which became successful through monopolies. He destroyed his middleman to gain more profit and used horizontal integration to get rid of his competition. he then controlled 95% of all the oil refineries in the country. Wealthy people in the 19th century was seen as the top dogs of the world. The wealthy were the fit and healthy who worked and the poor was seen as lazy bums. Although they seemed evil and greedy to the poor, "Robber Barons" were what they were called.

The captains of industry of the late 19th industry dominated their respective industry like no one with strageties that were capable of blowing away any competition. Carniege's miners mined the ore from the earth; carneige ships shipped it across to the factories and then canrneige factories produced it into profitable steel. He integrated his own wealth and power into each and every step of the process in his profession, so he completely dominated what he was doing. The profit it created went straight into carneige's pocket. Rockefeller's minor rivals assigned their stock to his oil company's board of directors, which directly funded previous competiting enterprises. Reviving and thrashing its competition, soon Standard Oil Company was the king of the oil industry. Their view towards their over-exceeding wealth, they accounted the point-of-view of survival of fittest. Basic proposition of this idea is that whoever is the fittest, then he is the winner.

Businessmen in the 19th century were seeking to profit at all cost by dominating their industries. Business tycoon Andrew Carnegie employed the tactic of vertical integrration,combining all the phases of manufacturing into one organization. He was able to improve efficiency by making supplies more reliable and cutting out the middlemen's fees. A less efficient and more monopolistic approach was the technique of horizontal integration, which was used by John D. Rockefeller. He used deviant tactics to control his rivals and eliminate the competition. Rockefeller controlled 95% of the nations oil refineries. Rockefeller felt he was destined to have the power and wealth he accumulated because he worked hard to reap the benefits of his labor. Many believed wealth came down to "survival of the fittest". The wealthy were in a position of power because they had earned it while the poor were lazy and made poor by their own shortcomings.

John D. Rockefeller was a firm believer in the horizontal integration business technique, in which he allied with competitors in order to create a monopoloy. Rockefeller, captain of the oil industry, perfected the "trust. He also believed that in the world of big business, it was "survival of the fittest," thus leading him to employ spies and extort secret rebates from the railroads. Simply put, Rockefeller would do anything he could to win. He simply thought that he was obeying a law of nature. Andrew Carnegie entered the big business world through completely different means. Carnegie, unlike Rockefeller, disliked monopolistic trusts. He instead integrated every aspect of his steel-making corporation for best results, thus creating his technique, "vertical integration." In this time period, it was viewed that if you were poor, that was your doing. If you wanted to change your way of life, all you had to do was put forth the effort. The poor were viewed as lazy. The wealthy were the hard working folk and if you wanted to become one, you had to give up your lazy actions and get to work.

Though many business tactics were used to try to get "one step ahead" in the business industries, monopolies and vertical and horizontal integrations were among the most popular. In a monoloply, one business contained most or all of the supply out a good, causing no match for competition. Vertical intergration, a cheap tactic used by andrew carnegie to control the steel industries, is when someone owns all the necesary elements need to produce a final product. In the case of Carnegie, to own the railroad company, he also owned the steel plants and crews needed to put these railroads in place. Rockefeller, however, took the approach of working with smaller companies to incorporate them under his much larger standard oil company, causing much of their revenue to flow back in his direction, this is known as horizontal integration. This tactic is not as cheap as Vertical integration but results are sufficient. The feelings of the people in this age of industry varied but mostly resulted in accepting the wealth for what it was worth, arguing they worked and earned their own way, so they deserve to be wealthy.

Industries in the 1900s main goal to create success by expanding and dominating their businesses. Oil industrys run by people like John Rockefeller used savey, cheap tactics such as horizontal integration to level himself with competition. After all the corners were cut he benifits from a monopoly. With the help of the rail road industries like these could prosper.
On the other hand methods such as vertical integration was popular with the "sultan of steel", Andrew Carnegie. Rule or ruin mixed in to the monopoly was not at all his style. Not only trasporting steel, but also prosesing it to control the quality was creed.